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Oct
31
vandit asked:
My situation is this. My mom wants to go through a divorce from my dad after being separated (not legally) for more than 6 years. All this time my mom has been paying off mortgage payments for the house herself among other bills. If they go through the divorce process, can my dad legally get a piece of the house when my mom sells it? Can anyone shed some light in this.
KEVEN
My situation is this. My mom wants to go through a divorce from my dad after being separated (not legally) for more than 6 years. All this time my mom has been paying off mortgage payments for the house herself among other bills. If they go through the divorce process, can my dad legally get a piece of the house when my mom sells it? Can anyone shed some light in this.
KEVEN
Oct
25
The Bribed or Manipulated Child: Handling Your Child Custody Case
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
Dr. Barry Bricklin and Dr. Gail Elliot asked:
The Bribed or Manipulated Child: Handling Your Child Custody Case in 2008 Barry Bricklin, Ph.D. and Gail Elliot, Ph.D.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
One of the saddest and most frustrating situations occurs when a child has been bribed or manipulated to turn against one of the parents. The child might previously have had a wonderful relationship with the so-called “target parent.” Manipulations can range from very subtle, like the parent who looks sad and distressed when the child goes off to visit the other parent, right on through the entire spectrum to the other extreme, where the parent actively damns and condemns the target parent. The parent will say things like, “It’s all his fault; he deserted us,” right on through to saying that the target parent has all kinds of drug problems or alcohol problems or that he or she left us to run off with some low-life.
Unfortunately, subtle forms of bribing or manipulating a child will work as well as the more blatant strategies. In fact, the subtle ways work best, because even a savvy child, who might recognize (and better deal with) blatant alienation, will not recognize more subtle forms. It might be a mother, for example, who says: “Well you know you’re father; he has a drinking problem. He tries, but he really is just an alcoholic.” Or the father who says, “You know your mom; she means well but is just so uptight you can’t have any fun around her.” These kinds of subtle strategies might work every bit as well as the more blatant ones.
First of all, the target parent must learn to recognize situations that look like a bribed or manipulated child, but in actuality is not. It is frequent for older children, for example, say from twelve years of age and up, to basically want to have one home. It simply is a matter of convenience for them. They want to be around the friends with whom they socialize.
Also, a child of older years may simply want to switch from where he or she already lives to the other house, based on the-grass-is-always-greener-on-the-other-side-of-the-street. This is the child who believes the “other house” is the place where he or she can stay up later, where there is less discipline, less insistence on cleanliness, less insistence on chores or homework.
Regardless of the cause of a child’s not wanting to see you, the core skill needed is what we call non-adversary communication. This is a skill which we also teach to businesses. It is a very powerful tool, but very subtle in its power. It will sound simple enough when we run the rules by you, but it will take a little bit of dedicated practice to use it well.
First, you must see the value in using it. It brings two main benefits. One benefit is that it will make your own communications more powerful. Second, it is tremendously self-therapeutic. It would take us too far off point to explain this fully right here, but the fact is that any piece of “output behavior,” an angry face, tight vocal-cord muscles, a tense body, accesses in you your worst and most fearful memories at an unconscious level, memories of times you felt helpless and scared. You are unwittingly hurting yourself.
The first principal is that whatever the issue is you are dealing with, you immediately seek a solution.
This next point is extremely hard for most people to implement. It simply states that you never blame or make the other person wrong, not even in the slightest way. No matter how angry, hurt, or vindictive you feel, you do not use a time where some problem needs a solution to air your anger. There are not only blatant ways of making the other person wrong e.g., “You idiot! You never understand anything!” There are also subtle ways. The use of the word “but” is subtly making the other person wrong. If you tell me your position, and if I answer you, even in a very gentle and warm voice, with a phrase that starts with the word “but,” you know that shortly thereafter I am going to make your position “wrong.”
Suppose one of my children says to me: “You always talk to me in a loud voice.”
Suppose I answer: “But honey, it is so hard to get your attention.”
The third point is to learn to not give more than one (short) explanation of your own position. To do so is not only strategically ineffective, but self-damaging. When you spend a lot of motor-output time trying to justify your position, that is, trying to get the other person to accept the wisdom of your explanation, you are accessing in yourself, at an unconscious level, all of the memories of when you felt helpless, vulnerable, misunderstood and “on the carpet.” Here are some brief examples of non-adversary statements. Instead of saying “You’re late every time you drop Mary off,” (making the other person wrong), say: “What can we do to make drop-offs and pick-ups work better for all of us?”
We absolutely know your thinking at this point: “You don’t know my ex. He wants to hurt me! He doesn’t care about solving anything!” We know this might very well be true. But what you don’t know, and we do, is the subtle, cumulative power of the strategies we want to share with you. Give us a chance. Master them, and try them before judging how you think they will work. Further, our purpose here is to teach you how to use these skills with your children, especially those from whom you may have been alienated.
This skill of non-adversarial communication is necessary to make most of the other strategies that you might use work better. It is an amazingly powerful tool when used the ways we will describe. It is so subtle that the other person might not even consciously know you are using it. But it definitely moves people off of aggressive or hostile positions. Here are some other examples. Take the, child who complains the parent speaks too loudly.
The parent might respond to such an accusation with: “You may be right. Help me to find better ways to get your full attention.” Now, since the child has no position to bother defending (which would have been the case had the parent said, “You don’t pay attention,” to which the child would have said, “Yes, I do,” and the conversation would go nowhere), the child can begin wondering what options the parent may have to get his or her attention without yelling. As long as anyone has to defend a position, no creative thinking goes on. As soon as you make someone wrong, all they will do is endlessly explain to you why they’re not; we are genetically engineered, one might say to “defend our territory.” It is an almost irresistible urge.
The final strategy, but one which we recommend you do not use until you have thoroughly tried the others is to seek help through the legal system. This is something you definitely would like to avoid, unless there are no other options available. You will have to initiate these steps through your attorney. There are two important pieces of information you may need, since not all attorneys are aware of the mental health options that may be available and not all options will be available in every state.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
Authors:
Dr. Barry Bricklin is a psychologist in private practice, Adjunct Associate Professor at Widener University and has previously served on the faculty of Jefferson University and of Hahnneman University. He is past president of the Philadelphia Society for Personality Assessment and the Philadelphia Society of Clinical Psychologists. He has authored books and articles many topics related to custody evaluations. For over 25 years, Dr. Bricklin has developed various data-based approaches to the decisions which must be made when parents divorce. He is the Chair of the Executive Operating Committee of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators (PACE).
Dr. Gail Elliot is Head, Child Development and Family Processes Research, Bricklin Associates, the Vice Chair of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators and a psychologist in private practice. She has served as a consultant to public and private schools and coordinated multidisciplinary treatment plans. She has authored and researched numerous works related to custody evaluation.
—————————————————
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
RANDAL
The Bribed or Manipulated Child: Handling Your Child Custody Case in 2008 Barry Bricklin, Ph.D. and Gail Elliot, Ph.D.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
One of the saddest and most frustrating situations occurs when a child has been bribed or manipulated to turn against one of the parents. The child might previously have had a wonderful relationship with the so-called “target parent.” Manipulations can range from very subtle, like the parent who looks sad and distressed when the child goes off to visit the other parent, right on through the entire spectrum to the other extreme, where the parent actively damns and condemns the target parent. The parent will say things like, “It’s all his fault; he deserted us,” right on through to saying that the target parent has all kinds of drug problems or alcohol problems or that he or she left us to run off with some low-life.
Unfortunately, subtle forms of bribing or manipulating a child will work as well as the more blatant strategies. In fact, the subtle ways work best, because even a savvy child, who might recognize (and better deal with) blatant alienation, will not recognize more subtle forms. It might be a mother, for example, who says: “Well you know you’re father; he has a drinking problem. He tries, but he really is just an alcoholic.” Or the father who says, “You know your mom; she means well but is just so uptight you can’t have any fun around her.” These kinds of subtle strategies might work every bit as well as the more blatant ones.
First of all, the target parent must learn to recognize situations that look like a bribed or manipulated child, but in actuality is not. It is frequent for older children, for example, say from twelve years of age and up, to basically want to have one home. It simply is a matter of convenience for them. They want to be around the friends with whom they socialize.
Also, a child of older years may simply want to switch from where he or she already lives to the other house, based on the-grass-is-always-greener-on-the-other-side-of-the-street. This is the child who believes the “other house” is the place where he or she can stay up later, where there is less discipline, less insistence on cleanliness, less insistence on chores or homework.
Regardless of the cause of a child’s not wanting to see you, the core skill needed is what we call non-adversary communication. This is a skill which we also teach to businesses. It is a very powerful tool, but very subtle in its power. It will sound simple enough when we run the rules by you, but it will take a little bit of dedicated practice to use it well.
First, you must see the value in using it. It brings two main benefits. One benefit is that it will make your own communications more powerful. Second, it is tremendously self-therapeutic. It would take us too far off point to explain this fully right here, but the fact is that any piece of “output behavior,” an angry face, tight vocal-cord muscles, a tense body, accesses in you your worst and most fearful memories at an unconscious level, memories of times you felt helpless and scared. You are unwittingly hurting yourself.
The first principal is that whatever the issue is you are dealing with, you immediately seek a solution.
This next point is extremely hard for most people to implement. It simply states that you never blame or make the other person wrong, not even in the slightest way. No matter how angry, hurt, or vindictive you feel, you do not use a time where some problem needs a solution to air your anger. There are not only blatant ways of making the other person wrong e.g., “You idiot! You never understand anything!” There are also subtle ways. The use of the word “but” is subtly making the other person wrong. If you tell me your position, and if I answer you, even in a very gentle and warm voice, with a phrase that starts with the word “but,” you know that shortly thereafter I am going to make your position “wrong.”
Suppose one of my children says to me: “You always talk to me in a loud voice.”
Suppose I answer: “But honey, it is so hard to get your attention.”
The third point is to learn to not give more than one (short) explanation of your own position. To do so is not only strategically ineffective, but self-damaging. When you spend a lot of motor-output time trying to justify your position, that is, trying to get the other person to accept the wisdom of your explanation, you are accessing in yourself, at an unconscious level, all of the memories of when you felt helpless, vulnerable, misunderstood and “on the carpet.” Here are some brief examples of non-adversary statements. Instead of saying “You’re late every time you drop Mary off,” (making the other person wrong), say: “What can we do to make drop-offs and pick-ups work better for all of us?”
We absolutely know your thinking at this point: “You don’t know my ex. He wants to hurt me! He doesn’t care about solving anything!” We know this might very well be true. But what you don’t know, and we do, is the subtle, cumulative power of the strategies we want to share with you. Give us a chance. Master them, and try them before judging how you think they will work. Further, our purpose here is to teach you how to use these skills with your children, especially those from whom you may have been alienated.
This skill of non-adversarial communication is necessary to make most of the other strategies that you might use work better. It is an amazingly powerful tool when used the ways we will describe. It is so subtle that the other person might not even consciously know you are using it. But it definitely moves people off of aggressive or hostile positions. Here are some other examples. Take the, child who complains the parent speaks too loudly.
The parent might respond to such an accusation with: “You may be right. Help me to find better ways to get your full attention.” Now, since the child has no position to bother defending (which would have been the case had the parent said, “You don’t pay attention,” to which the child would have said, “Yes, I do,” and the conversation would go nowhere), the child can begin wondering what options the parent may have to get his or her attention without yelling. As long as anyone has to defend a position, no creative thinking goes on. As soon as you make someone wrong, all they will do is endlessly explain to you why they’re not; we are genetically engineered, one might say to “defend our territory.” It is an almost irresistible urge.
The final strategy, but one which we recommend you do not use until you have thoroughly tried the others is to seek help through the legal system. This is something you definitely would like to avoid, unless there are no other options available. You will have to initiate these steps through your attorney. There are two important pieces of information you may need, since not all attorneys are aware of the mental health options that may be available and not all options will be available in every state.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
Authors:
Dr. Barry Bricklin is a psychologist in private practice, Adjunct Associate Professor at Widener University and has previously served on the faculty of Jefferson University and of Hahnneman University. He is past president of the Philadelphia Society for Personality Assessment and the Philadelphia Society of Clinical Psychologists. He has authored books and articles many topics related to custody evaluations. For over 25 years, Dr. Bricklin has developed various data-based approaches to the decisions which must be made when parents divorce. He is the Chair of the Executive Operating Committee of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators (PACE).
Dr. Gail Elliot is Head, Child Development and Family Processes Research, Bricklin Associates, the Vice Chair of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators and a psychologist in private practice. She has served as a consultant to public and private schools and coordinated multidisciplinary treatment plans. She has authored and researched numerous works related to custody evaluation.
—————————————————
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
RANDAL
Oct
24
Is my attorney allowed to delay filing my divorce if I have not paid my attorneys fees in full?
Filed Under Divorce | 5 Comments
Kikki asked:
Basically my question is this:
Is it Legal in the state of Texas for an attorney to delay filing my divorce if I have not paid the attorneys fees in full?
Divorce papers have been signed by both parties as of the 7th of October.
GWENDOLYN
Basically my question is this:
Is it Legal in the state of Texas for an attorney to delay filing my divorce if I have not paid the attorneys fees in full?
Divorce papers have been signed by both parties as of the 7th of October.
GWENDOLYN
Oct
24
Child Custody Cases & What to Expect
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
Andrew Daigle asked:
As divorce rates continue to rise, more and more children are growing up in a single parent household. Despite the fact that a divorce legally separates the parents from one another, it is important that both remain active in their child’s life. Because the welfare of a child becomes the focal point of all child custody cases, it is essential that you hire a qualified divorce attorney who specializes in this area and will work hard to see that the child’s best interests are met.
Current divorce laws differ from one state to the next, but there are several basic guidelines that each follows in an effort to achieve a fair custody arrangement for all involved. An experienced divorce attorney will be able to answer any questions that you may have regarding local child custody laws, divorce laws and how to prepare for your case.
Child custody may be granted to either spouse but, in most cases, joint custody is sought and approved for those capable of sharing the responsibilities and decision-making aspects of parenthood. Under these circumstances, it is important to understand the different types of child custody and what they mean to you. Temporary custody, which is most commonly agreed upon in the beginning stages of a marriage separation, is reached amicably by both parents and provides for a temporary resolution to issues surrounding visitation without court involvement. During this stage, the court will typically intervene only if one or both parents are deemed to be unsuitable.
In divorce court and/or divorce mediation, there are basically two types of custody, including legal custody and physical custody. Legal custody involves the rights for making legal decisions for a child, such as those relating to education, healthcare and other important factors that will influence the child’s general well-being. Sole legal custody occurs when only one named parent retains the right to make legal decisions for the child, whereas joint legal custody allows for both parents to handle legal decisions without one having superior rights over the other. Physical custody refers to the child’s actual residence and is either granted as sole, which means the child lives with one parent, or joint, which means that the child resides with both parents separately for a considerable amount of time during each calendar year.
When it comes to child custody cases, the court will attempt to reach an arrangement that is in the best interest of the child. Although the court will often consider the child’s wishes, the final decision is made by a judge after a full review of the case. After a decision is reached in child custody cases, it is widely believed that the child has the right to enjoy an ongoing relationship with both parents, receives continuing care and guidance from both the mother and father, is not influenced by one parent to view the other differently and is able to express his/her feelings and feedback without being made to feel ashamed about said emotions.
When it comes to the custody of your child, it is essential that you consult with and research several different divorce lawyers before making a final decision as to your legal representation. The pursuit of child custody is one of the most important of your life and you will value the advice on divorce as offered by your divorce attorney.
The information contained in this article is designed to be used for reference purposes only. It should not be used as, in place of or in conjunction with professional legal advice regarding divorce, child custody, child custody laws and/or divorce laws. If you are in need of divorce advice or are considering a marriage separation, consult with a professional divorce lawyer in your area for further information and/or divorce advice.
LOYD
As divorce rates continue to rise, more and more children are growing up in a single parent household. Despite the fact that a divorce legally separates the parents from one another, it is important that both remain active in their child’s life. Because the welfare of a child becomes the focal point of all child custody cases, it is essential that you hire a qualified divorce attorney who specializes in this area and will work hard to see that the child’s best interests are met.
Current divorce laws differ from one state to the next, but there are several basic guidelines that each follows in an effort to achieve a fair custody arrangement for all involved. An experienced divorce attorney will be able to answer any questions that you may have regarding local child custody laws, divorce laws and how to prepare for your case.
Child custody may be granted to either spouse but, in most cases, joint custody is sought and approved for those capable of sharing the responsibilities and decision-making aspects of parenthood. Under these circumstances, it is important to understand the different types of child custody and what they mean to you. Temporary custody, which is most commonly agreed upon in the beginning stages of a marriage separation, is reached amicably by both parents and provides for a temporary resolution to issues surrounding visitation without court involvement. During this stage, the court will typically intervene only if one or both parents are deemed to be unsuitable.
In divorce court and/or divorce mediation, there are basically two types of custody, including legal custody and physical custody. Legal custody involves the rights for making legal decisions for a child, such as those relating to education, healthcare and other important factors that will influence the child’s general well-being. Sole legal custody occurs when only one named parent retains the right to make legal decisions for the child, whereas joint legal custody allows for both parents to handle legal decisions without one having superior rights over the other. Physical custody refers to the child’s actual residence and is either granted as sole, which means the child lives with one parent, or joint, which means that the child resides with both parents separately for a considerable amount of time during each calendar year.
When it comes to child custody cases, the court will attempt to reach an arrangement that is in the best interest of the child. Although the court will often consider the child’s wishes, the final decision is made by a judge after a full review of the case. After a decision is reached in child custody cases, it is widely believed that the child has the right to enjoy an ongoing relationship with both parents, receives continuing care and guidance from both the mother and father, is not influenced by one parent to view the other differently and is able to express his/her feelings and feedback without being made to feel ashamed about said emotions.
When it comes to the custody of your child, it is essential that you consult with and research several different divorce lawyers before making a final decision as to your legal representation. The pursuit of child custody is one of the most important of your life and you will value the advice on divorce as offered by your divorce attorney.
The information contained in this article is designed to be used for reference purposes only. It should not be used as, in place of or in conjunction with professional legal advice regarding divorce, child custody, child custody laws and/or divorce laws. If you are in need of divorce advice or are considering a marriage separation, consult with a professional divorce lawyer in your area for further information and/or divorce advice.
LOYD
Oct
23
What effect has divorce had on your children?
Filed Under Divorce | 6 Comments
Mrs. Mendoza TTC#1 asked:
I’m writing a paper for my psychology class on the effects of divorce on children. If anyone could share their personal experiences (either as the child or as a divorcee with children) I would really appreciate it. Thank you!
JAYSON
I’m writing a paper for my psychology class on the effects of divorce on children. If anyone could share their personal experiences (either as the child or as a divorcee with children) I would really appreciate it. Thank you!
JAYSON
Oct
21
Help With Michigan Child Custody Law
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
William Rigby asked:
Divorce and other family disputes can take a toll on you. When your financial future and marital status are at stake it can be quite intimidating. People that get divorced and are looking at Michigan child custody laws need to realize it can be tough for both parents. When children are involved it can be both stressful and emotional.
As with other states, Michigan child custody law has different directions that can be persued. There is physical custody. This is where the Child is physically living. To be considered under the Michigan child custody law the child or children and parents or parent have to live in Michigan. Legal custody in Michigan child custody laws gives the parent who has legal custody the right to make decisions about school, religion and many other factors of a Childs life.
There is joint custody where each parent is responsible for the decisions in the Childs life. Both parents are responsible for the support of the child. This is determined by the financial means of both parents. Be aware the joint custody does not do away with a parent’s responsibility of child support. Child support is determined by the courts.
What is usually the case is the parent that has physical custody of the child ends up getting child support payments. This can be off set if you have physical custody of the child and owe alimony. You will just get less or not have to pay anything for child support if is equal to the alimony you are going to get. If you are getting 500.00 in child support but owe 500.00 in alimony. These will offset and no money will change hands.
The money for child support and alimony can be taken from your pay checks. It can also be deducted from you income tax refunds. This is probably the best way to handle this as the court will have a record of how much you have paid and are continuing to pay.
In Michigan child custody law the two parents can also enter into a shared agreement. This would be the preferred way to go. Both parents need to take into consideration that putting their differences aside and working together will be in the best interest for the child. Mom and Dad share custody. One may have the child during the week. The other in the summer. They may split weekends and holidays.
There is a Sole custody agreement too. In this type the parents usually have a reason for doing this. Mom or dad may not be able to watch and supervise the kids whatever reason. No matter what the reason, The best interest of the kids need to be kept in mind.
PEGGY
Divorce and other family disputes can take a toll on you. When your financial future and marital status are at stake it can be quite intimidating. People that get divorced and are looking at Michigan child custody laws need to realize it can be tough for both parents. When children are involved it can be both stressful and emotional.
As with other states, Michigan child custody law has different directions that can be persued. There is physical custody. This is where the Child is physically living. To be considered under the Michigan child custody law the child or children and parents or parent have to live in Michigan. Legal custody in Michigan child custody laws gives the parent who has legal custody the right to make decisions about school, religion and many other factors of a Childs life.
There is joint custody where each parent is responsible for the decisions in the Childs life. Both parents are responsible for the support of the child. This is determined by the financial means of both parents. Be aware the joint custody does not do away with a parent’s responsibility of child support. Child support is determined by the courts.
What is usually the case is the parent that has physical custody of the child ends up getting child support payments. This can be off set if you have physical custody of the child and owe alimony. You will just get less or not have to pay anything for child support if is equal to the alimony you are going to get. If you are getting 500.00 in child support but owe 500.00 in alimony. These will offset and no money will change hands.
The money for child support and alimony can be taken from your pay checks. It can also be deducted from you income tax refunds. This is probably the best way to handle this as the court will have a record of how much you have paid and are continuing to pay.
In Michigan child custody law the two parents can also enter into a shared agreement. This would be the preferred way to go. Both parents need to take into consideration that putting their differences aside and working together will be in the best interest for the child. Mom and Dad share custody. One may have the child during the week. The other in the summer. They may split weekends and holidays.
There is a Sole custody agreement too. In this type the parents usually have a reason for doing this. Mom or dad may not be able to watch and supervise the kids whatever reason. No matter what the reason, The best interest of the kids need to be kept in mind.
PEGGY
Oct
20
The Pros And Cons Of Child Custody: Be Informed With Houston Lawyers
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
Low Jeremy asked:
The innocent and the wounded - rolled into one that is how your child will be as you go about the process of separation or divorce. You as the parent might find it hard to move on but think about how difficult the period is for your child.
Most complicated is when you file custody for your child. It is not because you won custody over your child that you ensure happy growing years. There are advantages and disadvantages whenever you wish to achieve guardianship. In Houston, there is numerous child custody lawyers whom you may want to seek for legal advice.
The child custody lawyer you sought for counsel may present you with some of the common pros and cons of child custody.
Advantages of Child Custody
• There is a legal basis for guardianship. Hence it will prevent damage in the near future whenever your ex-spouse bothers you with custody.
• You will have the chance to spend more time with your child. Hence you can apply many parental decisions which you think will be beneficial to your child. This is mostly true with sole child custody.
• If you are in an abusive home before then you can keep your child away from a detrimental environment.
Disadvantages of Child Custody
• The process of a child custody case may create a severe emotional stress on your child especially if you and your former spouse are not civil with each other.
• You have to financially prepare when you seek for your child’s custody. Commonly custody proceedings are costly.
• Your child will always need a mother to comfort him or a father to teach him how to hurdle life’s challenges. With this you need to be prepared on being both a mother and a father to your child.
When you and your former spouse decided to separate or divorce, you already posed certain advantages and disadvantages to your child. On top of this, again you are presenting them pros and cons when you choose to gain custody of your child.
There will always be a good and a bad side in the child custody world. What you can do as a parent is protect your child from harassment and emotional pain which will hinder him to obtain a happy and healthy life.
Your child custody lawyer may help you achieve your goal to safeguard your child with the many damaging consequences of child custody. He may recommend the following undertakings:
• Never blame the other party. It is unhealthy for your child to know and observe how you cast fault with his other parent. Psychologists believe that you and your ex-spouse contributed on the wellbeing of your child.
• Learn to compromise. It is not always about winning. Most parents who sought for custody have selfish reasons why they need to gain guardianship - that is to let the other party feel that he is unworthy.
• Set plans. Present the things you feel is needed by your child.
As a parent learn to listen to the ones who have been in the child custody process. Discover the many benefits of seeking legal advice. Most importantly, hear what your heart have to say so your child will not end up with a scarred heart.
Your kids are precious to you. Hence, aim for the betterment of their future, individuality and totality as an individual.
TOMMY
The innocent and the wounded - rolled into one that is how your child will be as you go about the process of separation or divorce. You as the parent might find it hard to move on but think about how difficult the period is for your child.
Most complicated is when you file custody for your child. It is not because you won custody over your child that you ensure happy growing years. There are advantages and disadvantages whenever you wish to achieve guardianship. In Houston, there is numerous child custody lawyers whom you may want to seek for legal advice.
The child custody lawyer you sought for counsel may present you with some of the common pros and cons of child custody.
Advantages of Child Custody
• There is a legal basis for guardianship. Hence it will prevent damage in the near future whenever your ex-spouse bothers you with custody.
• You will have the chance to spend more time with your child. Hence you can apply many parental decisions which you think will be beneficial to your child. This is mostly true with sole child custody.
• If you are in an abusive home before then you can keep your child away from a detrimental environment.
Disadvantages of Child Custody
• The process of a child custody case may create a severe emotional stress on your child especially if you and your former spouse are not civil with each other.
• You have to financially prepare when you seek for your child’s custody. Commonly custody proceedings are costly.
• Your child will always need a mother to comfort him or a father to teach him how to hurdle life’s challenges. With this you need to be prepared on being both a mother and a father to your child.
When you and your former spouse decided to separate or divorce, you already posed certain advantages and disadvantages to your child. On top of this, again you are presenting them pros and cons when you choose to gain custody of your child.
There will always be a good and a bad side in the child custody world. What you can do as a parent is protect your child from harassment and emotional pain which will hinder him to obtain a happy and healthy life.
Your child custody lawyer may help you achieve your goal to safeguard your child with the many damaging consequences of child custody. He may recommend the following undertakings:
• Never blame the other party. It is unhealthy for your child to know and observe how you cast fault with his other parent. Psychologists believe that you and your ex-spouse contributed on the wellbeing of your child.
• Learn to compromise. It is not always about winning. Most parents who sought for custody have selfish reasons why they need to gain guardianship - that is to let the other party feel that he is unworthy.
• Set plans. Present the things you feel is needed by your child.
As a parent learn to listen to the ones who have been in the child custody process. Discover the many benefits of seeking legal advice. Most importantly, hear what your heart have to say so your child will not end up with a scarred heart.
Your kids are precious to you. Hence, aim for the betterment of their future, individuality and totality as an individual.
TOMMY
Oct
18
Choosing the Wrong Attorney: the Most Common Error in Handling Child Custody Disputes
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
Dr. Barry Bricklin and Dr. Gail Elliot asked:
ING THE WRONG ATTORNEY: THE MOST COMMON ERROR IN HANDLING CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES by Barry Bricklin, Ph.D. and Gail Elliot, Ph.D.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
Maybe we make bad decisions because we want to work with people we know. Maybe we trust the recommendations of people we’ve trusted in the past. Whatever the reason, choosing the wrong attorney is the biggest mistake made by people in child custody conflicts. From getting an unfair child settlement outcome to unrealistic and often damaging child custody arrangements, choosing the right attorney to protect you and your loved one(s) is essential. This article will help you think through your choices and make suggestions for how to proceed, rather than simply and naively operating with blind trust in an area that can make so many people, including your children, so unhappy.
Issues to Consider about the Attorney
The attorney who will represent you in court can have a variety of characteristics, but we’ve found these two to be essential:
How familiar he or she is with family law, including divorce, all marital property settlement issues, and especially is up to date on child custody issues. This would include knowledge of applicable custody statutes, all the case law that might relate to your issues and indeed is even up on the social science research on custody issues. In other words, your attorney must be a true expert in the issues and legal tactics that surround custody conflicts. The real power of a good attorney is not to be found in “style” or “presentation,” but in what he or she knows.
How much time he or she invests in preparing for all of the unfolding phases of a dispute - from the moment it starts, through all of the negotiations and up to a possible or actual court trial.
Professional Affiliation
When books written on this subject tell people about how to find such a lawyer, they typically say to ask the local county Bar Association for a referral, or to ask among their friends. Such books often give a long list of questions to ask of a prospective attorney. While such practices are helpful, they are by no means sufficient in a complex case.
We believe that it is wise to attempt to find an attorney who is a member of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. This professional group typically has the most well respected attorneys as its members. However, we have found two other “musts” that are part of the issue of finding the right attorney.
Knowledge of Local Politics and Judges
The most important “must” is that the attorney you pick should be thoroughly familiar with the local politics in the court system in which your case will be heard and particularly enlightened as to the prejudices and beliefs systems of the judge in front of whom you may appear. The bottom line of any court case is that a particular judge is going to make a decision. In the family court system, judges have much more discretion to use personal ‘judgement’ than other judges who work on “criminal” proceedings.
This family court judge, though supposedly mandated to follow certain case law and/or statutory guidelines, is in fact pretty much free to do what he or she pleases. There are relatively few procedural constraints on family court judges. This is particularly important because it is very difficult to appeal cases lost at the trial level in the family court system.
This means it is essential for your attorney to know your judge, inside and out. That means knowing what he or she considers in deciding who is going to be the “better” parent, to what the judge will accept as permissible evidence, the types of evidence the judge happens to favor, and even knowing which mental health evaluators carry more weight in a particular judge’s decision-making.
Many kinds of evidence may be brought in front of a judge. There will be testimony from a parade of witnesses as well as the two competing main participants (the parents). There may be testimony from expert mental health witnesses. Some parents and attorneys bring videos and pictures before the judge, to convince him or her that their relation with the child is “best,” or that their home environment is the better one. The expert might present psychological test data, or interview data, or observation data. It is critical that the attorney know which kind of evidence will be given the highest priority by the judge. In a survey we ran a few years ago, it became clear that most judges favor one kind of evidence over others. It is the favored evidence he or she will assign the highest truth value to, and be most influenced by.
The attorney should also know whether or not a particular judge favors joint or sole custody. You need to know if you are going to have to overcome a very strong bias on the part of the judge. Judges will often decide what they want to decide, regardless of the statutory or case-law presumptions in your state. They will give the right legal names or labels to their decisions to make them sound like they are in accord with legal regulations, but the details of the plans will reflect their biases.
Some judges will rarely change an existing visitation plan; others will. Some will split up siblings; others will not. Some are vindictive; they must not be challenged, even mildly. The “right” attorney will know these things.
The next thing we found to be important is that in seeking the right attorney it may be important for you to go the extra mile and find one who has actually won cases in the custody arena on appeal. This is very difficult to do and usually will denote an attorney who is more thoroughly familiar with all of the legalities involved than other attorneys.
Concerning the next-to-last point, if your attorney is otherwise an expert in child custody issues but is not totally familiar with the judge, before moving on to another attorney explore with the current attorney whether he or she has a plan to acquire that information. He or she could do this by a conference with several colleagues in the immediate area who have worked before the judge in question.
Other Concerns
There are a number of other issues that should be kept in mind when seeking the right attorney. These are a few for you to consider:
There may be something very specific about the particular dispute in which you are involved. You might want to speak with someone who has dealt with that exact same issue before. This might involve perhaps one of the parents being engaged in a ********** relationship, or there may be a lot of hidden money or other assets that should be considered, in which event you would want an attorney who has dealt with these same issues before. Always think in terms of what might be a special category of expertise that might be important for you to have.
You would certainly want somebody who has been active in family law or custody issues at least at a local county level, but even better, at a state or national level. The person may have written books or articles on the subject.
You might be careful to see if the attorney, in telling you of his or her experience with other “satisfied clients,” reveals so many details that you can tell who she or he is talking about. If this happens, the same thing might happen with you.
You would certainly also want to be wary of any professional who makes extravagant claims.
You would want someone who is very clear about the fee structure and you should know what the going rate is in your area, especially for the heavy hitters. This is really the only way to judge if you are being charged a fair price.
You would certainly want someone who clearly answers your questions and is willing to offer even further explanations without making you feel like a nuisance if you are still in the dark. If you are just entering a child custody dispute, you would want an attorney who really tells you more than you have thought to ask, since the attorney should know that you do not really know all the questions that you ought to be asking.
You might want to inquire how long it will take to resolve the particular matter, or at least get an estimate.
A very important question is to ask about who will do the actual work, the lawyer or an associate; for example, a paralegal in training.
You also want to know if other experts are going to be needed. This is especially important if there is some special matter in your case as mentioned previously. You might need a consultant who is an expert in some particular area, whether it involves homosexuality, or whether the dispute is not between two parents but between a parent and a grandparent, or if the case involves a lot of money, in which event you might want special financial consultants.
Going the extra mile might involve going to your local court house to inspect open (currently ongoing) or closed (completed) cases. You might look to see whose names come up, and who is consistently successful.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
About the Authors:
Dr. Barry Bricklin is a psychologist in private practice, Adjunct Associate Professor at Widener University and has previously served on the faculty of Jefferson University and of Hahnneman University. He is past president of the Philadelphia Society for Personality Assessment and the Philadelphia Society of Clinical Psychologists. He has authored books and articles many topics related to custody evaluations. For over 25 years, Dr. Bricklin has developed various data-based approaches to the decisions which must be made when parents divorce. He is the Chair of the Executive Operating Committee of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators (PACE).
Dr. Gail Elliot is Head, Child Development and Family Processes Research, Bricklin Associates, the Vice Chair of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators and a psychologist in private practice. She has served as a consultant to public and private schools and coordinated multidisciplinary treatment plans. She has authored and researched numerous works related to custody evaluation. To learn more about the more than 200 custody publications they have developed for people struggling with custody battles, click here.
ROSCOE
ING THE WRONG ATTORNEY: THE MOST COMMON ERROR IN HANDLING CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES by Barry Bricklin, Ph.D. and Gail Elliot, Ph.D.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
Maybe we make bad decisions because we want to work with people we know. Maybe we trust the recommendations of people we’ve trusted in the past. Whatever the reason, choosing the wrong attorney is the biggest mistake made by people in child custody conflicts. From getting an unfair child settlement outcome to unrealistic and often damaging child custody arrangements, choosing the right attorney to protect you and your loved one(s) is essential. This article will help you think through your choices and make suggestions for how to proceed, rather than simply and naively operating with blind trust in an area that can make so many people, including your children, so unhappy.
Issues to Consider about the Attorney
The attorney who will represent you in court can have a variety of characteristics, but we’ve found these two to be essential:
How familiar he or she is with family law, including divorce, all marital property settlement issues, and especially is up to date on child custody issues. This would include knowledge of applicable custody statutes, all the case law that might relate to your issues and indeed is even up on the social science research on custody issues. In other words, your attorney must be a true expert in the issues and legal tactics that surround custody conflicts. The real power of a good attorney is not to be found in “style” or “presentation,” but in what he or she knows.
How much time he or she invests in preparing for all of the unfolding phases of a dispute - from the moment it starts, through all of the negotiations and up to a possible or actual court trial.
Professional Affiliation
When books written on this subject tell people about how to find such a lawyer, they typically say to ask the local county Bar Association for a referral, or to ask among their friends. Such books often give a long list of questions to ask of a prospective attorney. While such practices are helpful, they are by no means sufficient in a complex case.
We believe that it is wise to attempt to find an attorney who is a member of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. This professional group typically has the most well respected attorneys as its members. However, we have found two other “musts” that are part of the issue of finding the right attorney.
Knowledge of Local Politics and Judges
The most important “must” is that the attorney you pick should be thoroughly familiar with the local politics in the court system in which your case will be heard and particularly enlightened as to the prejudices and beliefs systems of the judge in front of whom you may appear. The bottom line of any court case is that a particular judge is going to make a decision. In the family court system, judges have much more discretion to use personal ‘judgement’ than other judges who work on “criminal” proceedings.
This family court judge, though supposedly mandated to follow certain case law and/or statutory guidelines, is in fact pretty much free to do what he or she pleases. There are relatively few procedural constraints on family court judges. This is particularly important because it is very difficult to appeal cases lost at the trial level in the family court system.
This means it is essential for your attorney to know your judge, inside and out. That means knowing what he or she considers in deciding who is going to be the “better” parent, to what the judge will accept as permissible evidence, the types of evidence the judge happens to favor, and even knowing which mental health evaluators carry more weight in a particular judge’s decision-making.
Many kinds of evidence may be brought in front of a judge. There will be testimony from a parade of witnesses as well as the two competing main participants (the parents). There may be testimony from expert mental health witnesses. Some parents and attorneys bring videos and pictures before the judge, to convince him or her that their relation with the child is “best,” or that their home environment is the better one. The expert might present psychological test data, or interview data, or observation data. It is critical that the attorney know which kind of evidence will be given the highest priority by the judge. In a survey we ran a few years ago, it became clear that most judges favor one kind of evidence over others. It is the favored evidence he or she will assign the highest truth value to, and be most influenced by.
The attorney should also know whether or not a particular judge favors joint or sole custody. You need to know if you are going to have to overcome a very strong bias on the part of the judge. Judges will often decide what they want to decide, regardless of the statutory or case-law presumptions in your state. They will give the right legal names or labels to their decisions to make them sound like they are in accord with legal regulations, but the details of the plans will reflect their biases.
Some judges will rarely change an existing visitation plan; others will. Some will split up siblings; others will not. Some are vindictive; they must not be challenged, even mildly. The “right” attorney will know these things.
The next thing we found to be important is that in seeking the right attorney it may be important for you to go the extra mile and find one who has actually won cases in the custody arena on appeal. This is very difficult to do and usually will denote an attorney who is more thoroughly familiar with all of the legalities involved than other attorneys.
Concerning the next-to-last point, if your attorney is otherwise an expert in child custody issues but is not totally familiar with the judge, before moving on to another attorney explore with the current attorney whether he or she has a plan to acquire that information. He or she could do this by a conference with several colleagues in the immediate area who have worked before the judge in question.
Other Concerns
There are a number of other issues that should be kept in mind when seeking the right attorney. These are a few for you to consider:
There may be something very specific about the particular dispute in which you are involved. You might want to speak with someone who has dealt with that exact same issue before. This might involve perhaps one of the parents being engaged in a ********** relationship, or there may be a lot of hidden money or other assets that should be considered, in which event you would want an attorney who has dealt with these same issues before. Always think in terms of what might be a special category of expertise that might be important for you to have.
You would certainly want somebody who has been active in family law or custody issues at least at a local county level, but even better, at a state or national level. The person may have written books or articles on the subject.
You might be careful to see if the attorney, in telling you of his or her experience with other “satisfied clients,” reveals so many details that you can tell who she or he is talking about. If this happens, the same thing might happen with you.
You would certainly also want to be wary of any professional who makes extravagant claims.
You would want someone who is very clear about the fee structure and you should know what the going rate is in your area, especially for the heavy hitters. This is really the only way to judge if you are being charged a fair price.
You would certainly want someone who clearly answers your questions and is willing to offer even further explanations without making you feel like a nuisance if you are still in the dark. If you are just entering a child custody dispute, you would want an attorney who really tells you more than you have thought to ask, since the attorney should know that you do not really know all the questions that you ought to be asking.
You might want to inquire how long it will take to resolve the particular matter, or at least get an estimate.
A very important question is to ask about who will do the actual work, the lawyer or an associate; for example, a paralegal in training.
You also want to know if other experts are going to be needed. This is especially important if there is some special matter in your case as mentioned previously. You might need a consultant who is an expert in some particular area, whether it involves homosexuality, or whether the dispute is not between two parents but between a parent and a grandparent, or if the case involves a lot of money, in which event you might want special financial consultants.
Going the extra mile might involve going to your local court house to inspect open (currently ongoing) or closed (completed) cases. You might look to see whose names come up, and who is consistently successful.
Dr. Bricklin and Dr. Elliot are nationally-known child custody experts. They have written many publications offering help and guidance for mothers, fathers, and grandparents involved in child custody issues. Their publications can be found at http://www.custodylibrary.com
About the Authors:
Dr. Barry Bricklin is a psychologist in private practice, Adjunct Associate Professor at Widener University and has previously served on the faculty of Jefferson University and of Hahnneman University. He is past president of the Philadelphia Society for Personality Assessment and the Philadelphia Society of Clinical Psychologists. He has authored books and articles many topics related to custody evaluations. For over 25 years, Dr. Bricklin has developed various data-based approaches to the decisions which must be made when parents divorce. He is the Chair of the Executive Operating Committee of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators (PACE).
Dr. Gail Elliot is Head, Child Development and Family Processes Research, Bricklin Associates, the Vice Chair of the Professional Academy of Custody Evaluators and a psychologist in private practice. She has served as a consultant to public and private schools and coordinated multidisciplinary treatment plans. She has authored and researched numerous works related to custody evaluation. To learn more about the more than 200 custody publications they have developed for people struggling with custody battles, click here.
ROSCOE
Oct
17
What A Los Angeles Child Custody Lawyer Can Do For You
Filed Under Uncategorized | Comments Off
Low Jeremy asked:
If you’re residing in the State of California, particularly in the area of Los Angeles and facing a possible legal battle in child custody, early involvement of a Los Angeles child custody lawyer is very important. A Los Angeles child custody lawyer will help you in determining all possible options to give the best interest for you and your child.
Within the bounds of the legal battle of child custody, divorcing couples face the mounting pressures from the society and to the courts to work together in order to solve the custody issues. Certainly, a Los Angeles child custody lawyer will guide you to all the laws that pertain in child custody procedures. Your Los Angeles child custody lawyer needs to balance all the legal standards that will be applied to different custody options.
In order to keep harmony, even though the bitterness of the issue is still in the air, your child custody lawyer must balance the knowledge of the solutions to you and to your spouse. Since your lawyer is giving the assessments about possible solutions, you must also give your side that will help your case to be favorable to you.
Legally, your child custody lawyer will inform you about custody conditions. In setting parental responsibilities in regards to everyday care activities of the child or children as well as the rights to direct the child’s or children’s movement, making decisions that pertains to child’s upbringings have been categorized into two for family law purposes and these are:
• Physical Custody- it means the actual living conditions of the child, the rights of the child, and the every responsibility that connects to everyday childcare.
• Legal Custody- it means the every responsibility associated in the raising of the child that includes questions about religion, choice of school, and health care.
Your child custody lawyer may inform you also to possible custody solutions since you and your spouse is in the process of divorce. The possible custody solutions could be a part of an agreement of both parties or by a court order and these are:
• Sole Custody- when sole custody is awarded by the court or agreed upon by both parties, one parent has the exclusive or have the primary right to live with the child. That parent is known as the custodial parent and the other becomes the non-custodial parent.
• Joint Custody- in this situation, both parents share the responsibility in making decisions for the child and for physical control of the child or children. It may be agreed upon by both parties or by court order. Divorcing parents with joint physical custody actually share legal custody. But, in some joint legal custody does not mean to joint physical custody.
• Split Custody- this situation is less popular because each parent will take the custody of different children.
• “Nesting”- the child or children will remain in the pre-divorce home. The parents actually rotate residence in the home.
• Shared Parenting- this is a new concept in child custody that is also adopted in some states aside from California. Shared parenting involves physical and legal custody and the child or children can spend equal time to both parents. Parents actually give their share for the budget of the child’s or children’s expenses.
In having your Los Angeles child custody lawyer to help you in the divorce process you’re undertaking, certainly, they can help you in lessening the other burdens of your problem. Aside from keeping yourself attached to the legal battles about separation procedures, the child or children must be also one of your priorities. Surely, with you Los Angeles child custody lawyer is the one you can count on along the way.
ETHEL
If you’re residing in the State of California, particularly in the area of Los Angeles and facing a possible legal battle in child custody, early involvement of a Los Angeles child custody lawyer is very important. A Los Angeles child custody lawyer will help you in determining all possible options to give the best interest for you and your child.
Within the bounds of the legal battle of child custody, divorcing couples face the mounting pressures from the society and to the courts to work together in order to solve the custody issues. Certainly, a Los Angeles child custody lawyer will guide you to all the laws that pertain in child custody procedures. Your Los Angeles child custody lawyer needs to balance all the legal standards that will be applied to different custody options.
In order to keep harmony, even though the bitterness of the issue is still in the air, your child custody lawyer must balance the knowledge of the solutions to you and to your spouse. Since your lawyer is giving the assessments about possible solutions, you must also give your side that will help your case to be favorable to you.
Legally, your child custody lawyer will inform you about custody conditions. In setting parental responsibilities in regards to everyday care activities of the child or children as well as the rights to direct the child’s or children’s movement, making decisions that pertains to child’s upbringings have been categorized into two for family law purposes and these are:
• Physical Custody- it means the actual living conditions of the child, the rights of the child, and the every responsibility that connects to everyday childcare.
• Legal Custody- it means the every responsibility associated in the raising of the child that includes questions about religion, choice of school, and health care.
Your child custody lawyer may inform you also to possible custody solutions since you and your spouse is in the process of divorce. The possible custody solutions could be a part of an agreement of both parties or by a court order and these are:
• Sole Custody- when sole custody is awarded by the court or agreed upon by both parties, one parent has the exclusive or have the primary right to live with the child. That parent is known as the custodial parent and the other becomes the non-custodial parent.
• Joint Custody- in this situation, both parents share the responsibility in making decisions for the child and for physical control of the child or children. It may be agreed upon by both parties or by court order. Divorcing parents with joint physical custody actually share legal custody. But, in some joint legal custody does not mean to joint physical custody.
• Split Custody- this situation is less popular because each parent will take the custody of different children.
• “Nesting”- the child or children will remain in the pre-divorce home. The parents actually rotate residence in the home.
• Shared Parenting- this is a new concept in child custody that is also adopted in some states aside from California. Shared parenting involves physical and legal custody and the child or children can spend equal time to both parents. Parents actually give their share for the budget of the child’s or children’s expenses.
In having your Los Angeles child custody lawyer to help you in the divorce process you’re undertaking, certainly, they can help you in lessening the other burdens of your problem. Aside from keeping yourself attached to the legal battles about separation procedures, the child or children must be also one of your priorities. Surely, with you Los Angeles child custody lawyer is the one you can count on along the way.
ETHEL
Oct
14
Can my husband forge a divorce from me without my knowing and get remarry?
Filed Under Divorce | 5 Comments
atnk asked:
This woman claim she and my husband got married in Jamaica in June,2008.She also said he showed her proof that he and I are divorce.But, to my knowledge I did not get serve with a divorce from him.Can he have forge my signature for a divorce?Even though he know where I live to serve me with a divorce papers.Could he have falsely stated he don’t know where I am?How can I find out if he forge our divorce and if their marriage was legal or illegal?Please help me find out!Thank you!
PABLO
This woman claim she and my husband got married in Jamaica in June,2008.She also said he showed her proof that he and I are divorce.But, to my knowledge I did not get serve with a divorce from him.Can he have forge my signature for a divorce?Even though he know where I live to serve me with a divorce papers.Could he have falsely stated he don’t know where I am?How can I find out if he forge our divorce and if their marriage was legal or illegal?Please help me find out!Thank you!
PABLO